DeepSeek DeepSeek V4.1 Flash 1017 – Technology and Computing

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<html lang="en">
<head>
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<title>Kernel &amp; Circuit — Hardware Reviews, Software Deep Dives &amp; Computing Resources</title>
<meta name="description" content="Kernel &amp; Circuit is an independent technology publication: lab-tested hardware reviews, software and open-source deep dives, comparison guides and the computing resources engineers actually use.">
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.price{font-family:var(--font-head);font-weight:700;font-size:.95rem}

/* ---------- Build Doctor ---------- */
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.doc-note{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--muted);margin:16px 0 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px}

/* ---------- Comparison table ---------- */
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table.compare{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;min-width:780px;font-size:14px}
.compare th,.compare td{padding:15px 18px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top}
.compare thead th{background:var(--paper);font-family:var(--font-head);font-size:.95rem;font-weight:600}
.compare tbody th{font-weight:600;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.09em;white-space:nowrap;background:#fff;position:sticky;left:0;z-index:1}
.compare td{color:#39414f}
.compare .col-pick{background:#f7f9ff}
.compare thead .col-pick{background:#eef2ff}
.pick-badge{display:inline-block;background:var(--lime);color:var(--ink);font-size:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:3px 7px;border-radius:4px;margin-bottom:6px}
.compare tbody tr:last-child td,.compare tbody tr:last-child th{border-bottom:0}
.table-note{display:flex;gap:14px;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:18px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}
.table-note p{margin:0;max-width:70ch}

/* ---------- News + sidebar ---------- */
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.news-list{display:grid;gap:28px}
.news-item{display:grid;grid-template-columns:230px 1fr;gap:22px;padding-bottom:28px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.news-item:last-child{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}
.news-item img{border-radius:12px;width:100%;aspect-ratio:4/3;object-fit:cover;background:#e8ebf1}
.news-item .kicker{font-size:10.5px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.12em;color:var(--accent);font-weight:700}
.news-item h3{font-size:1.16rem;margin:7px 0 9px;line-height:1.28}
.news-item h3 a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
.news-item p{font-size:.9rem;color:#495263;margin:0 0 10px}
.meta-line{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}

.sidebar{display:grid;gap:24px;position:sticky;top:150px}
.side-card{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:22px}
.side-card h3{font-size:.8rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.15em;margin:0 0 16px;padding-bottom:12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-family:var(--font-body);font-weight:700}
.side-list{display:grid;gap:14px}
.side-list li{display:flex;gap:12px;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.4}
.side-list .n{font-family:var(--font-head);font-weight:700;color:var(--accent);font-size:13px;min-width:14px}
.side-list a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
.deal{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;align-items:flex-start;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);font-size:.88rem}
.deal:last-child{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}
.deal .d-name{font-weight:500;line-height:1.4}
.deal .d-price{color:var(--accent);font-weight:700;font-family:var(--font-head);white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}
.deal .d-old{display:block;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:line-through;font-weight:400}
.community{display:flex;gap:11px;align-items:flex-start;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line)}
.community:last-child{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}
.community img{width:34px;height:34px;border-radius:50%;flex-shrink:0;background:#dfe3ea}
.community p{font-size:.85rem;margin:0 0 2px;color:#39414f}
.community span{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--muted)}
.side-newsletter{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;border:0}
.side-newsletter h3{border-bottom-color:rgba(255,255,255,.15);color:#fff}
.side-newsletter p{font-size:.85rem;color:#9fabbf;margin:0 0 14px}
.nl-form{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.nl-form input{flex:1;min-width:0;padding:11px 14px;border-radius:9px;border:1px solid var(--line);font-size:13.5px;outline:none;transition:.15s;background:#fff}
.nl-form input:focus{border-color:var(--accent);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(31,77,255,.12)}
.side-newsletter .nl-form input{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.22);background:rgba(255,255,255,.08);color:#fff}
.side-newsletter .nl-form input::placeholder{color:#8d99ad}
.side-newsletter .nl-form .btn{width:100%}

/* ---------- Testimonials ---------- */
.testi-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:26px}
.testi{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:26px;display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.testi .quote-mark{font-family:var(--font-head);font-size:2.6rem;line-height:.8;color:var(--accent);margin-bottom:14px}
.testi blockquote{margin:0 0 20px;font-size:.95rem;color:#39414f}
.testi .who{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-top:auto;padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.testi .who img{width:42px;height:42px;border-radius:50%;background:#dfe3ea}
.testi .who strong{display:block;font-size:.88rem}
.testi .who span{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}
.stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:24px;margin-top:56px;padding-top:40px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.stat .num{font-family:var(--font-head);font-size:clamp(1.6rem,2.6vw,2.2rem);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.03em;line-height:1.1}
.stat .lbl{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.11em;margin-top:4px}

/* ---------- FAQ ---------- */
.faq-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.8fr 1.2fr;gap:56px;align-items:start}
.faq-side p{font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted);max-width:36ch}
.faq-side .btn{margin-top:8px}
details.faq{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
details.faq summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;align-items:center;padding:18px 0;font-family:var(--font-head);font-weight:600;font-size:1rem}
details.faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
details.faq summary::after{content:"+";font-size:1.35rem;color:var(--accent);transition:transform .2s;font-weight:400;line-height:1}
details.faq[open] summary::after{transform:rotate(45deg)}
details.faq p{font-size:.92rem;color:#495263;margin:0 0 20px;max-width:64ch}

/* ---------- CTA band ---------- */
.cta-band{background:var(--accent);color:#fff;padding:64px 0}
.cta-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr 1fr;gap:44px;align-items:center}
.cta-band h2{color:#fff;font-size:clamp(1.6rem,2.6vw,2.1rem);margin-bottom:12px}
.cta-band p{color:rgba(255,255,255,.84);font-size:.98rem;margin:0}
.cta-band .nl-form input{border:0;padding:14px 16px}
.cta-band .nl-form .btn{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;padding:14px 24px}
.cta-band .nl-form .btn:hover{background:#000;transform:translateY(-1px)}
.form-note{font-size:12px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);margin:12px 0 0}

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.site-footer{background:var(--ink);color:#9fabbf;padding:64px 0 0;font-size:.9rem}
.footer-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:36px;padding-bottom:48px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1)}
.site-footer .brand-name{color:#fff}
.site-footer .brand-tag{color:#7b869a}
.footer-about p{font-size:.87rem;line-height:1.7;margin:16px 0}
.footer-contact{font-size:.87rem;display:grid;gap:7px}
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        <h1>24 cores, two architectures and a $400 question: the 2025 workstation CPU shootout</h1>
        <p class="lede">We ran 61 real workloads — from LLVM builds and Blender renders to Postgres pgbench and a 40 GB Parquet transform — across eight workstation-class chips. The gap between the top two is far smaller than the price gap, and one mid-range part quietly beats both on memory-bound workloads once you stop trusting synthetic scores.</p>
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              <span class="stars" aria-hidden="true">★★★★☆</span>
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            <h3><a href="#reviews">Aurex Forge 16 review: a workstation you can actually carry</a></h3>
            <p>Sixteen cores, a 1600-nit mini-LED panel and a chassis that stays under 45 dB under sustained load. Battery life is the compromise — expect four and a half hours of real work, not the eight on the box.</p>
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              <li>Holds 96 W sustained with no clock regression after an hour</li>
              <li>User-serviceable RAM and dual NVMe bays behind four screws</li>
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            <p>Sequential reads hit 7,100 MB/s, but the story is sustained writes. The NX-9 holds 5.4 GB/s for 90 seconds before its SLC cache collapses to 1.1 GB/s — which matters more than any headline number in a video or dataset pipeline.</p>
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            <h3><a href="#reviews">Helix Studio 27 review: 5K, calibrated, and a KVM that works</a></h3>
            <p>A 27-inch 5K panel with factory calibration to Delta-E under 1 and a KVM that switches cleanly between two machines without dropping USB. The stand is plastic, the port selection is generous, and the firmware updates over USB-C.</p>
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          <h2>Three developer machines, one honest spec table</h2>
          <p class="section-sub">Spec sheets are marketing documents. This is what we measured: sustained clocks, real battery runtime at 200 nits, and the upgrade paths that actually exist after purchase. Every figure below comes from a unit we bought at retail.</p>
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              <th scope="col" class="col-pick"><span class="pick-badge">Editor's choice</span><br>Aurex Forge 16</th>
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              <th scope="col">Vantage Rack Mini</th>
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              <td class="col-pick">Core Ultra 9 285HX, 24C/24T</td>
              <td>M4 Pro, 14C (10P + 4E)</td>
              <td>Ryzen 9 9950X, 16C/32T</td>
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              <td class="col-pick">RTX 5080 Laptop, 16 GB</td>
              <td>20-core integrated GPU</td>
              <td>Optional RTX 4000 SFF, 20 GB</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th scope="row">Memory</th>
              <td class="col-pick">64 GB DDR5-6400, 2 SODIMM slots</td>
              <td>48 GB unified, soldered</td>
              <td>128 GB ECC DDR5, 4 slots</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th scope="row">Storage</th>
              <td class="col-pick">2 &times; 2 TB NVMe, user accessible</td>
              <td>1 TB soldered</td>
              <td>4 &times; U.2 + 2 &times; M.2</td>
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            <tr>
              <th scope="row">Display</th>
              <td class="col-pick">16&Prime; 3200&times;2000 mini-LED, 165 Hz</td>
              <td>14.2&Prime; 3024&times;1964, 120 Hz</td>
              <td>Headless, IPMI console</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th scope="row">Battery / idle draw</th>
              <td class="col-pick">4 h 40 m / 11 W</td>
              <td>14 h 10 m / 4 W</td>
              <td>N/A / 38 W</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th scope="row">Price as tested</th>
              <td class="col-pick"><strong>$2,499</strong></td>
              <td>$2,899</td>
              <td>$1,749</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th scope="row">Best for</th>
              <td class="col-pick">CAD, ML prototyping, on-site work</td>
              <td>All-day development, travel</td>
              <td>Homelab, CI runners, virtualization</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div class="table-note">
        <p>All three machines ran the same 40-minute sustained workload at 22&deg;C ambient. Prices reflect street pricing at the time of testing and exclude regional tax.</p>
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              <span class="kicker">Software · 6 min read</span>
              <h3><a href="#news">Kernel 6.14 lands with a rewritten scheduler for hybrid CPUs</a></h3>
              <p>The new EEVDF-derived placement logic finally stops treating P-cores and E-cores as interchangeable. Our early numbers show a 12% improvement on compile workloads and a measurable drop in frame-time variance during gameplay — but the migration heuristics still misfire on older Alder Lake parts, and the workaround is not obvious.</p>
              <span class="meta-line">Marcus Feld · 2 hours ago</span>
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              <span class="kicker">DevOps · 9 min read</span>
              <h3><a href="#news">We ran 40 CI pipelines on ARM runners. Here is exactly where they broke.</a></h3>
              <p>Native ARM builds cut our median pipeline time from 11m 20s to 6m 05s, and then the fun started: a hardcoded x86 Docker base image, a Python wheel with no aarch64 build, and a test suite that depended on timing behaviour nobody had documented. Here is the migration checklist we wish we had on day one, including the API integration changes that cost us the most time.</p>
              <span class="meta-line">Priya Raghunathan · Yesterday</span>
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              <span class="kicker">Analysis · 12 min read</span>
              <h3><a href="#news">Open-source observability is eating the APM market, and the vendors know it</a></h3>
              <p>OpenTelemetry is now the default instrumentation layer for most new services we survey, which turns the collector into the most valuable real estate in the stack. We spoke to six platform teams about what they self-host, what they still pay for, where the bill actually lands — and why debugging a distributed trace is still harder than it should be in 2025.</p>
              <span class="meta-line">Dr. Aisha Bello · 2 days ago</span>
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            <h3>Editor's picks</h3>
            <ul class="side-list">
              <li><span class="n">1</span><a href="#reviews">The quiet death of the 8 GB GPU</a></li>
              <li><span class="n">2</span><a href="#news">Debugging memory leaks in Node 22, practically</a></li>
              <li><span class="n">3</span><a href="#reviews">Mechanical keyboards: what still matters after 30 days</a></li>
              <li><span class="n">4</span><a href="#news">Postgres 18: the planner changes worth benchmarking</a></li>
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          <div class="side-card" id="deals">
            <h3>Today's deals</h3>
            <div class="deal">
              <span class="d-name">Nordwind NX-9 4 TB NVMe</span>
              <span class="d-price">$249<span class="d-old">$329</span></span>
            </div>
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              <span class="d-name">Helix Studio 27 5K display</span>
              <span class="d-price">$679<span class="d-old">$749</span></span>
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              <span class="d-name">Aurex Forge 16, 32 GB</span>
              <span class="d-price">$2,199<span class="d-old">$2,499</span></span>
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                <p>"Finally a thermal test that reports ambient temperature."</p>
                <span>Ravi S. · verified reader</span>
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                <p>"The ARM CI piece saved me an entire weekend of debugging."</p>
                <span>Jenna K. · platform engineer</span>
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<script>
(function () {
  'use strict';

  /* ---------- Current year ---------- */
  var yearEl = document.getElementById('year');
  if (yearEl) { yearEl.textContent = new Date().getFullYear(); }

  /* ---------- Build Doctor data ---------- */
  var DB = {
    reboots: {
      title: 'Random reboots under sustained load',
      cause: 'power delivery instability, or an unstable memory profile (XMP/EXPO)',
      steps: [
        'Reproduce it deliberately: run a 20-minute combined CPU and GPU load and note the exact time to reset. A fault that only appears under load is almost never a software bug.',
        'Disable XMP/EXPO in firmware and re-test at JEDEC speeds. If the resets stop, the memory kit or the integrated memory controller is marginal at that profile.',
        'Log the 12V rail under load. A sustained dip below 11.4V points at a failing PSU, not a driver — swap in a known-good unit before buying anything else.',
        'Update firmware and re-seat the CPU cooler. Uneven mounting pressure produces core-to-core deltas above 15°C and can trigger an emergency shutdown.',
        'Pull the previous boot\u2019s kernel log (journalctl -k -b -1) and grep for MCE, thermal or PCIe AER events in the 30 seconds before the reset.'
      ]
    },
    nodisplay: {
      title: 'Posts, but no display output',
      cause: 'a display-link training failure, or a panel/cable fault rather than a dead GPU',
      steps: [
        'Confirm the machine is actually posting: listen for the POST beep, watch the board Q-LED, or read the BMC post-code display before assuming anything else.',
        'Reseat the GPU and try a second PCIe slot. On laptops, test an external display over USB-C or HDMI to separate a panel fault from a GPU fault.',
        'Boot with a single stick of RAM in slot A2 and the discrete GPU removed. Integrated output bypasses half of the signal chain in one move.',
        'Check the cable and the input source before anything else. A surprising share of "dead GPU" tickets end at a DisplayPort cable or a monitor stuck on the wrong input.',
        'If the Q-LED sticks on VGA, flash the firmware via USB BIOS Flashback. New GPUs routinely need a firmware update before they will train a link at full width.'
      ]
    },
    thermal: {
      title: 'Fans loud, clocks dropping',
      cause: 'thermal throttling from degraded thermal interface material or a blocked airflow path',
      steps: [
        'Measure instead of guessing: log package temperature and clock frequency together for 10 minutes under load. Throttling shows up as a clock drop with temperature flat at the limit.',
        'Repaste with a quality compound and re-torque the cooler in a diagonal pattern. Pump-out after 12 months is the most common cause of a sudden 10°C regression.',
        'Audit the airflow path: intake filters, fan curves and radiator orientation. Positive pressure with filtered intakes keeps dust out of the fins where it actually costs you degrees.',
        'Check for a runaway background process. An indexing service or a stuck container can pin a single core at 100% indefinitely and look exactly like a cooling problem.',
        'On laptops, confirm the vendor performance profile is set correctly and update the embedded controller firmware. The OS power slider is not the same control and often overrides it.'
      ]
    },
    usb: {
      title: 'USB devices keep dropping out',
      cause: 'a power-delivery shortfall on the port, or aggressive link power management',
      steps: [
        'Isolate the port: move the device to a rear I/O port on the chipset rather than a front-panel header. Front-panel wiring is the usual culprit for intermittent dropouts.',
        'Open Device Manager, or run lsusb -t, and watch for re-enumeration during a large file transfer. Devices that disappear and reappear are usually power-starved.',
        'Disable USB selective suspend and test again. Aggressive link power management produces exactly this pattern on a number of AMD platforms.',
        'Check the hub. An unpowered hub cannot deliver 900 mA per port, and a bus-powered SSD will brown out under sustained writes every single time.',
        'Update chipset drivers and device firmware, then test the same device on another machine to confirm whether the fault follows the host or the peripheral.'
      ]
    }
  };

  var NOTES = {
    desktop: 'Desktop builds: check that the 24-pin and EPS connectors are fully seated before anything else — half-clicked connectors mimic almost every symptom in this tool.',
    laptop: 'Laptops: firmware and vendor power profiles matter more than any single component. Start with a BIOS or embedded controller update from the OEM support page, not a third-party utility.',
    server: 'Servers and homelabs: capture an IPMI or BMC system event log before you reboot. A post-event log is worth more than any benchmark you will run afterwards.'
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      '<p class="doc-cause">Most likely cause: <strong>' + d.cause + '</strong></p>' +
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      '<div class="doc-actions">' +
        '<a class="btn btn-primary" href="#support">Talk to a support engineer</a>' +
        '<button type="button" class="doc-reset" id="docReset">Start over</button>' +
      '</div>' +
      '<p class="doc-note">' + (NOTES[state.platform] || '') + '</p>';
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    step2.hidden = true;
    result.hidden = false;
    bar.style.width = '100%';
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    if (!btn) { return; }

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</body>
</html>
View Axe Report (JSON)
{
  "testEngine": {
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    "version": "4.10.2"
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  "testRunner": {
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  "testEnvironment": {
    "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/156.0.8078.4 Safari/537.36",
    "windowWidth": 1280,
    "windowHeight": 720,
    "orientationAngle": 0,
    "orientationType": "landscape-primary"
  },
  "timestamp": "2026-11-12T10:09:03.002Z",
  "url": "https://benchmark.aimac.invalid/1c36446a072daee5e98ddc48adeafdb44744927ef3955ba96261845540878ad6.html",
  "toolOptions": {
    "runOnly": {
      "type": "tag",
      "values": [
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        "wcag2aa",
        "wcag21a",
        "wcag21aa",
        "wcag22a",
        "wcag22aa"
      ]
    },
    "resultTypes": [
      "violations"
    ],
    "reporter": "v1"
  },
  "inapplicable": [
    {
      "id": "area-alt",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.text-alternatives",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag244",
        "wcag412",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.a",
        "TTv5",
        "TT6.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.2.4.4",
        "EN-9.4.1.2",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure <area> elements of image maps have alternative text",
      "help": "Active <area> elements must have alternative text",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/area-alt?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-braille-equivalent",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure aria-braillelabel and aria-brailleroledescription have a non-braille equivalent",
      "help": "aria-braille attributes must have a non-braille equivalent",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-braille-equivalent?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-command-name",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "TTv5",
        "TT6.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure every ARIA button, link and menuitem has an accessible name",
      "help": "ARIA commands must have an accessible name",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-input-field-name",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "TTv5",
        "TT5.c",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure every ARIA input field has an accessible name",
      "help": "ARIA input fields must have an accessible name",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-input-field-name?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-meter-name",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag111",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.1.1"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure every ARIA meter node has an accessible name",
      "help": "ARIA meter nodes must have an accessible name",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-meter-name?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-progressbar-name",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag111",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.1.1"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure every ARIA progressbar node has an accessible name",
      "help": "ARIA progressbar nodes must have an accessible name",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-progressbar-name?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-required-children",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag131",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.3.1"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure elements with an ARIA role that require child roles contain them",
      "help": "Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-required-children?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-required-parent",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag131",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.3.1"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure elements with an ARIA role that require parent roles are contained by them",
      "help": "Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-required-parent?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-toggle-field-name",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "TTv5",
        "TT5.c",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure every ARIA toggle field has an accessible name",
      "help": "ARIA toggle fields must have an accessible name",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-toggle-field-name?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-tooltip-name",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure every ARIA tooltip node has an accessible name",
      "help": "ARIA tooltip nodes must have an accessible name",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-tooltip-name?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "autocomplete-valid",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.forms",
        "wcag21aa",
        "wcag135",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.3.5",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure the autocomplete attribute is correct and suitable for the form field",
      "help": "autocomplete attribute must be used correctly",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/autocomplete-valid?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "avoid-inline-spacing",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.structure",
        "wcag21aa",
        "wcag1412",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.4.12",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure that text spacing set through style attributes can be adjusted with custom stylesheets",
      "help": "Inline text spacing must be adjustable with custom stylesheets",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/avoid-inline-spacing?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "blink",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.time-and-media",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag222",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.j",
        "TTv5",
        "TT2.b",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.2.2.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure <blink> elements are not used",
      "help": "<blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/blink?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "definition-list",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.structure",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag131",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.3.1"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure <dl> elements are structured correctly",
      "help": "<dl> elements must only directly contain properly-ordered <dt> and <dd> groups, <script>, <template> or <div> elements",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/definition-list?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "dlitem",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.structure",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag131",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.3.1"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure <dt> and <dd> elements are contained by a <dl>",
      "help": "<dt> and <dd> elements must be contained by a <dl>",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/dlitem?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "frame-focusable-content",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.keyboard",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag211",
        "TTv5",
        "TT4.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.2.1.1"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure <frame> and <iframe> elements with focusable content do not have tabindex=-1",
      "help": "Frames with focusable content must not have tabindex=-1",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/frame-focusable-content?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "frame-title-unique",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.text-alternatives",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "TTv5",
        "TT12.d",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure <iframe> and <frame> elements contain a unique title attribute",
      "help": "Frames must have a unique title attribute",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/frame-title-unique?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "frame-title",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.text-alternatives",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.i",
        "TTv5",
        "TT12.d",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure <iframe> and <frame> elements have an accessible name",
      "help": "Frames must have an accessible name",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/frame-title?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "html-xml-lang-mismatch",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.language",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag311",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.3.1.1",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure that HTML elements with both valid lang and xml:lang attributes agree on the base language of the page",
      "help": "HTML elements with lang and xml:lang must have the same base language",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/html-xml-lang-mismatch?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "input-button-name",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.name-role-value",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.a",
        "TTv5",
        "TT5.c",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure input buttons have discernible text",
      "help": "Input buttons must have discernible text",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/input-button-name?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "input-image-alt",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.text-alternatives",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag111",
        "wcag412",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.a",
        "TTv5",
        "TT7.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.1.1",
        "EN-9.4.1.2",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure <input type=\"image\"> elements have alternative text",
      "help": "Image buttons must have alternative text",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/input-image-alt?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "marquee",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.parsing",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag222",
        "TTv5",
        "TT2.b",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.2.2.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure <marquee> elements are not used",
      "help": "<marquee> elements are deprecated and must not be used",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/marquee?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "meta-refresh",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.time-and-media",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag221",
        "TTv5",
        "TT8.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.2.2.1"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure <meta http-equiv=\"refresh\"> is not used for delayed refresh",
      "help": "Delayed refresh under 20 hours must not be used",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/meta-refresh?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "object-alt",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.text-alternatives",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag111",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.1.1"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure <object> elements have alternative text",
      "help": "<object> elements must have alternative text",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/object-alt?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "role-img-alt",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.text-alternatives",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag111",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.a",
        "TTv5",
        "TT7.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.1.1",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure [role=\"img\"] elements have alternative text",
      "help": "[role=\"img\"] elements must have an alternative text",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/role-img-alt?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "scrollable-region-focusable",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.keyboard",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag211",
        "wcag213",
        "TTv5",
        "TT4.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.2.1.1",
        "EN-9.2.1.3"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure elements that have scrollable content are accessible by keyboard",
      "help": "Scrollable region must have keyboard access",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "select-name",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.forms",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.n",
        "TTv5",
        "TT5.c",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure select element has an accessible name",
      "help": "Select element must have an accessible name",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/select-name?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "server-side-image-map",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.text-alternatives",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag211",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.f",
        "TTv5",
        "TT4.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.2.1.1"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure that server-side image maps are not used",
      "help": "Server-side image maps must not be used",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/server-side-image-map?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "svg-img-alt",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.text-alternatives",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag111",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.a",
        "TTv5",
        "TT7.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.1.1",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure <svg> elements with an img, graphics-document or graphics-symbol role have an accessible text",
      "help": "<svg> elements with an img role must have an alternative text",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/svg-img-alt?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "valid-lang",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.language",
        "wcag2aa",
        "wcag312",
        "TTv5",
        "TT11.b",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.3.1.2",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure lang attributes have valid values",
      "help": "lang attribute must have a valid value",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/valid-lang?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "video-caption",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.text-alternatives",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag122",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.a",
        "TTv5",
        "TT17.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.2.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure <video> elements have captions",
      "help": "<video> elements must have captions",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/video-caption?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    },
    {
      "id": "no-autoplay-audio",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.time-and-media",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag142",
        "TTv5",
        "TT2.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.4.2",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure <video> or <audio> elements do not autoplay audio for more than 3 seconds without a control mechanism to stop or mute the audio",
      "help": "<video> or <audio> elements must not play automatically",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/no-autoplay-audio?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": []
    }
  ],
  "passes": [
    {
      "id": "aria-allowed-attr",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure an element's role supports its ARIA attributes",
      "help": "Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-allowed-attr?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [],
          "all": [
            {
              "id": "aria-allowed-attr",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "ARIA attributes are used correctly for the defined role"
            }
          ],
          "none": [
            {
              "id": "aria-unsupported-attr",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "ARIA attribute is supported"
            }
          ],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<a href=\"#\" class=\"brand\" aria-label=\"Kernel and Circuit home\">",
          "target": [
            ".header-main > .brand[aria-label=\"Kernel and Circuit home\"][href=\"#\"]"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-conditional-attr",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure ARIA attributes are used as described in the specification of the element's role",
      "help": "ARIA attributes must be used as specified for the element's role",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-conditional-attr?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [],
          "all": [
            {
              "id": "aria-conditional-attr",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "ARIA attribute is allowed"
            }
          ],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<a href=\"#\" class=\"brand\" aria-label=\"Kernel and Circuit home\">",
          "target": [
            ".header-main > .brand[aria-label=\"Kernel and Circuit home\"][href=\"#\"]"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-deprecated-role",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure elements do not use deprecated roles",
      "help": "Deprecated ARIA roles must not be used",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-deprecated-role?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [],
          "all": [],
          "none": [
            {
              "id": "deprecatedrole",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "minor",
              "message": "ARIA role is not deprecated"
            }
          ],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<form class=\"search\" role=\"search\" onsubmit=\"return false;\">\n        <label class=\"sr-only\" for=\"q\">Search reviews and guides</label>\n        <input id=\"q\" type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Search 1,240 lab reviews\u2026\">\n        <button type=\"submit\" aria-label=\"Submit search\">\u2315</button>\n      </form>",
          "target": [
            ".search"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-hidden-body",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag131",
        "wcag412",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.3.1",
        "EN-9.4.1.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure aria-hidden=\"true\" is not present on the document body.",
      "help": "aria-hidden=\"true\" must not be present on the document body",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-hidden-body?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [
            {
              "id": "aria-hidden-body",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "No aria-hidden attribute is present on document body"
            }
          ],
          "all": [],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<body>",
          "target": [
            "body"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-hidden-focus",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.name-role-value",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "TTv5",
        "TT6.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure aria-hidden elements are not focusable nor contain focusable elements",
      "help": "ARIA hidden element must not be focusable or contain focusable elements",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-hidden-focus?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [],
          "all": [
            {
              "id": "focusable-modal-open",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "No focusable elements while a modal is open"
            },
            {
              "id": "focusable-disabled",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "No focusable elements contained within element"
            },
            {
              "id": "focusable-not-tabbable",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "No focusable elements contained within element"
            }
          ],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<span class=\"dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></span>",
          "target": [
            ".dot[aria-hidden=\"true\"]:nth-child(3)"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-prohibited-attr",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure ARIA attributes are not prohibited for an element's role",
      "help": "Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-prohibited-attr?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [],
          "all": [],
          "none": [
            {
              "id": "aria-prohibited-attr",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "ARIA attribute is allowed"
            }
          ],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<a href=\"#\" class=\"brand\" aria-label=\"Kernel and Circuit home\">",
          "target": [
            ".header-main > .brand[aria-label=\"Kernel and Circuit home\"][href=\"#\"]"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-required-attr",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure elements with ARIA roles have all required ARIA attributes",
      "help": "Required ARIA attributes must be provided",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-required-attr?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [
            {
              "id": "aria-required-attr",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "All required ARIA attributes are present"
            }
          ],
          "all": [],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<form class=\"search\" role=\"search\" onsubmit=\"return false;\">\n        <label class=\"sr-only\" for=\"q\">Search reviews and guides</label>\n        <input id=\"q\" type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Search 1,240 lab reviews\u2026\">\n        <button type=\"submit\" aria-label=\"Submit search\">\u2315</button>\n      </form>",
          "target": [
            ".search"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-roles",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure all elements with a role attribute use a valid value",
      "help": "ARIA roles used must conform to valid values",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-roles?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [],
          "all": [],
          "none": [
            {
              "id": "invalidrole",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "ARIA role is valid"
            },
            {
              "id": "abstractrole",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "Abstract roles are not used"
            },
            {
              "id": "unsupportedrole",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "ARIA role is supported"
            }
          ],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<form class=\"search\" role=\"search\" onsubmit=\"return false;\">\n        <label class=\"sr-only\" for=\"q\">Search reviews and guides</label>\n        <input id=\"q\" type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Search 1,240 lab reviews\u2026\">\n        <button type=\"submit\" aria-label=\"Submit search\">\u2315</button>\n      </form>",
          "target": [
            ".search"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-valid-attr-value",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure all ARIA attributes have valid values",
      "help": "ARIA attributes must conform to valid values",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-valid-attr-value?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [],
          "all": [
            {
              "id": "aria-valid-attr-value",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "ARIA attribute values are valid"
            },
            {
              "id": "aria-errormessage",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "aria-errormessage exists and references elements visible to screen readers that use a supported aria-errormessage technique"
            },
            {
              "id": "aria-level",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "aria-level values are valid"
            }
          ],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<a href=\"#\" class=\"brand\" aria-label=\"Kernel and Circuit home\">",
          "target": [
            ".header-main > .brand[aria-label=\"Kernel and Circuit home\"][href=\"#\"]"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "aria-valid-attr",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.aria",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure attributes that begin with aria- are valid ARIA attributes",
      "help": "ARIA attributes must conform to valid names",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/aria-valid-attr?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [
            {
              "id": "aria-valid-attr",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "ARIA attribute name is valid"
            }
          ],
          "all": [],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<a href=\"#\" class=\"brand\" aria-label=\"Kernel and Circuit home\">",
          "target": [
            ".header-main > .brand[aria-label=\"Kernel and Circuit home\"][href=\"#\"]"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "button-name",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.name-role-value",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag412",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.a",
        "TTv5",
        "TT6.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.4.1.2",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure buttons have discernible text",
      "help": "Buttons must have discernible text",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/button-name?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [
            {
              "id": "button-has-visible-text",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "Element has inner text that is visible to screen readers"
            },
            {
              "id": "aria-label",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "aria-label attribute exists and is not empty"
            }
          ],
          "all": [],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<button type=\"submit\" aria-label=\"Submit search\">\u2315</button>",
          "target": [
            "button[aria-label=\"Submit search\"]"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "bypass",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.keyboard",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag241",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.o",
        "TTv5",
        "TT9.a",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.2.4.1"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure each page has at least one mechanism for a user to bypass navigation and jump straight to the content",
      "help": "Page must have means to bypass repeated blocks",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/bypass?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [
            {
              "id": "internal-link-present",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "Valid skip link found"
            },
            {
              "id": "header-present",
              "data": null,
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                    "h1"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h2 id=\"latest-heading\">Latest</h2>",
                  "target": [
                    "#latest-heading"
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "html": "<h3><a href=\"#news\">Kernel 6.14 ships a rewritten scheduler for hybrid cores</a></h3>",
                  "target": [
                    "li:nth-child(1) > div > h3"
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                },
                {
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                  "target": [
                    "li:nth-child(2) > div > h3"
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                },
                {
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                  "target": [
                    "li:nth-child(3) > div > h3"
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                },
                {
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                  "target": [
                    "li:nth-child(4) > div > h3"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h2>Tested on our own bench, not on a spec sheet</h2>",
                  "target": [
                    "#reviews > .container > .section-head > div > h2"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h3><a href=\"#reviews\">Aurex Forge 16 review: a workstation you can actually carry</a></h3>",
                  "target": [
                    ".review-card:nth-child(1) > .card-body > h3"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h3><a href=\"#reviews\">Nordwind NX-9 4TB review: a scratch disk with stamina</a></h3>",
                  "target": [
                    ".review-card:nth-child(2) > .card-body > h3"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h3><a href=\"#reviews\">Helix Studio 27 review: 5K, calibrated, and a KVM that works</a></h3>",
                  "target": [
                    ".review-card:nth-child(3) > .card-body > h3"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h2>Build Doctor: diagnose a sick machine in about 90 seconds</h2>",
                  "target": [
                    ".doctor-grid > div:nth-child(1) > h2"
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "html": "<h2>Three developer machines, one honest spec table</h2>",
                  "target": [
                    "#compare > .container > .section-head > div > h2"
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "html": "<h2>What shipped, what broke, and what it costs you</h2>",
                  "target": [
                    "#news > .container > .section-head > div > h2"
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "html": "<h3><a href=\"#news\">Kernel 6.14 lands with a rewritten scheduler for hybrid CPUs</a></h3>",
                  "target": [
                    ".news-item:nth-child(1) > div > h3"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h3><a href=\"#news\">We ran 40 CI pipelines on ARM runners. Here is exactly where they broke.</a></h3>",
                  "target": [
                    ".news-item:nth-child(2) > div > h3"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h3><a href=\"#news\">Open-source observability is eating the APM market, and the vendors know it</a></h3>",
                  "target": [
                    ".news-item:nth-child(3) > div > h3"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h3>Editor's picks</h3>",
                  "target": [
                    ".side-card:nth-child(1) > h3"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h3>Today's deals</h3>",
                  "target": [
                    "#deals > h3"
                  ]
                },
                {
                  "html": "<h3>Community picks</h3>",
                  "target": [
                    ".side-card:nth-child(3) > h3"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h3>The Briefing</h3>",
                  "target": [
                    ".side-newsletter > h3"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h2>Why engineers keep this tab open</h2>",
                  "target": [
                    "#readers > .container > .section-head > div > h2"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h2>Questions we get asked most</h2>",
                  "target": [
                    ".faq-side > h2"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h2>The Briefing, every Friday morning</h2>",
                  "target": [
                    ".cta-inner > div:nth-child(1) > h2"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h4>Sections</h4>",
                  "target": [
                    ".footer-col:nth-child(2) > h4"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h4>Resources</h4>",
                  "target": [
                    ".footer-col:nth-child(3) > h4"
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                },
                {
                  "html": "<h4>Company</h4>",
                  "target": [
                    ".footer-col:nth-child(4) > h4"
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                {
                  "html": "<h4>Legal</h4>",
                  "target": [
                    ".footer-col:nth-child(5) > h4"
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              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "Page has a heading"
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            {
              "id": "landmark",
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              "relatedNodes": [
                {
                  "html": "<main id=\"main\">",
                  "target": [
                    "#main"
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                }
              ],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "Page has a landmark region"
            }
          ],
          "all": [],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<html lang=\"en\">",
          "target": [
            "html"
          ]
        }
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    },
    {
      "id": "color-contrast",
      "impact": "serious",
      "tags": [
        "cat.color",
        "wcag2aa",
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      "description": "Ensure the contrast between foreground and background colors meets WCAG 2 AA minimum contrast ratio thresholds",
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      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/color-contrast?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
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          "all": [],
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            ".ticker-date"
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      "description": "Ensure each HTML document contains a non-empty <title> element",
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      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/document-title?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
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              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "Document has a non-empty <title> element"
            }
          ],
          "all": [],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<html lang=\"en\">",
          "target": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "duplicate-id-aria",
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      "description": "Ensure every id attribute value used in ARIA and in labels is unique",
      "help": "IDs used in ARIA and labels must be unique",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/duplicate-id-aria?application=axeAPI",
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          ],
          "all": [],
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          "impact": null,
          "html": "<input id=\"q\" type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Search 1,240 lab reviews\u2026\">",
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    },
    {
      "id": "form-field-multiple-labels",
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      "description": "Ensure form field does not have multiple label elements",
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              "impact": "moderate",
              "message": "Form field does not have multiple label elements"
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          ],
          "impact": null,
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      "id": "html-has-lang",
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      "description": "Ensure every HTML document has a lang attribute",
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              "message": "The <html> element has a lang attribute"
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          ],
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          "html": "<html lang=\"en\">",
          "target": [
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    {
      "id": "html-lang-valid",
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      "description": "Ensure the lang attribute of the <html> element has a valid value",
      "help": "<html> element must have a valid value for the lang attribute",
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              "message": "Value of lang attribute is included in the list of valid languages"
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          ],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<html lang=\"en\">",
          "target": [
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    },
    {
      "id": "image-alt",
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      "tags": [
        "cat.text-alternatives",
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      "description": "Ensure <img> elements have alternative text or a role of none or presentation",
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              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "Element has a valid alt attribute value"
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          ],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<img src=\"https://placehold.co/48x48/0b0e14/d8ff4a?text=K%26C&amp;font=montserrat\" alt=\"Kernel &amp; Circuit logo\" width=\"48\" height=\"48\">",
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      "description": "Ensure every form element has a label",
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              "impact": "critical",
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          ],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<input id=\"q\" type=\"search\" placeholder=\"Search 1,240 lab reviews\u2026\">",
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      "id": "link-in-text-block",
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      "description": "Ensure links are distinguished from surrounding text in a way that does not rely on color",
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        {
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              "id": "link-in-text-block-style",
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              "relatedNodes": [
                {
                  "html": "<div class=\"faq-side\">",
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              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "Links can be distinguished from surrounding text by visual styling"
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          "all": [],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<a href=\"#newsletter\" class=\"btn btn-primary\">Contact support</a>",
          "target": [
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      "description": "Ensure links have discernible text",
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        {
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              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "Element has text that is visible to screen readers"
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          ],
          "all": [],
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              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "Element is not in tab order or has accessible text"
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          ],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<a class=\"skip\" href=\"#main\">Skip to main content</a>",
          "target": [
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      "id": "list",
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      "description": "Ensure that lists are structured correctly",
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              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "List element only has direct children that are allowed inside <li> elements"
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          ],
          "impact": null,
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      "description": "Ensure <li> elements are used semantically",
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              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "List item has a <ul>, <ol> or role=\"list\" parent element"
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          ],
          "all": [],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<li><a href=\"#news\">RTX 50-series supply finally stabilises</a></li>",
          "target": [
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        }
      ]
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      "description": "Ensure <meta name=\"viewport\"> does not disable text scaling and zooming",
      "help": "Zooming and scaling must not be disabled",
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      "nodes": [
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          "any": [
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              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "critical",
              "message": "<meta> tag does not disable zooming on mobile devices"
            }
          ],
          "all": [],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\">",
          "target": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "nested-interactive",
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      "tags": [
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        "TTv5",
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      "description": "Ensure interactive controls are not nested as they are not always announced by screen readers or can cause focus problems for assistive technologies",
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      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [
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              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "Element does not have focusable descendants"
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          ],
          "all": [],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<img src=\"https://placehold.co/48x48/0b0e14/d8ff4a?text=K%26C&amp;font=montserrat\" alt=\"Kernel &amp; Circuit logo\" width=\"48\" height=\"48\">",
          "target": [
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    },
    {
      "id": "summary-name",
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      "tags": [
        "cat.name-role-value",
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        "TTv5",
        "TT6.a",
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      "description": "Ensure summary elements have discernible text",
      "help": "Summary elements must have discernible text",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/summary-name?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [
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              "id": "has-visible-text",
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              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "Element has text that is visible to screen readers"
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          ],
          "all": [],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<summary>How do you test the hardware you review?</summary>",
          "target": [
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "target-size",
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      "tags": [
        "cat.sensory-and-visual-cues",
        "wcag22aa",
        "wcag258"
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      "description": "Ensure touch targets have sufficient size and space",
      "help": "All touch targets must be 24px large, or leave sufficient space",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/target-size?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
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          "any": [
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              "id": "target-size",
              "data": {
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                "height": 50.4
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              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "Control has sufficient size (190.5px by 50.4px, should be at least 24px by 24px)"
            },
            {
              "id": "target-offset",
              "data": {
                "closestOffset": 24,
                "minOffset": 24
              },
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "Target has sufficient space from its closest neighbors. Safe clickable space has a diameter of 24px which is at least 24px."
            }
          ],
          "all": [],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<a class=\"skip\" href=\"#main\">Skip to main content</a>",
          "target": [
            ".skip"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "td-headers-attr",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.tables",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag131",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.g",
        "TTv5",
        "TT14.b",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.3.1"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure that each cell in a table that uses the headers attribute refers only to other cells in that table",
      "help": "Table cells that use the headers attribute must only refer to cells in the same table",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/td-headers-attr?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [],
          "all": [
            {
              "id": "td-headers-attr",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "The headers attribute is exclusively used to refer to other cells in the table"
            }
          ],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<table class=\"compare\">",
          "target": [
            "table"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "th-has-data-cells",
      "impact": null,
      "tags": [
        "cat.tables",
        "wcag2a",
        "wcag131",
        "section508",
        "section508.22.g",
        "TTv5",
        "TT14.b",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.3.1"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure that <th> elements and elements with role=columnheader/rowheader have data cells they describe",
      "help": "Table headers in a data table must refer to data cells",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/th-has-data-cells?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [],
          "all": [
            {
              "id": "th-has-data-cells",
              "data": null,
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "All table header cells refer to data cells"
            }
          ],
          "none": [],
          "impact": null,
          "html": "<table class=\"compare\">",
          "target": [
            "table"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "incomplete": [
    {
      "id": "color-contrast",
      "impact": "serious",
      "tags": [
        "cat.color",
        "wcag2aa",
        "wcag143",
        "TTv5",
        "TT13.c",
        "EN-301-549",
        "EN-9.1.4.3",
        "ACT"
      ],
      "description": "Ensure the contrast between foreground and background colors meets WCAG 2 AA minimum contrast ratio thresholds",
      "help": "Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds",
      "helpUrl": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.10/color-contrast?application=axeAPI",
      "nodes": [
        {
          "any": [
            {
              "id": "color-contrast",
              "data": {
                "messageKey": "nonBmp"
              },
              "relatedNodes": [],
              "impact": "serious",
              "message": "Element content contains only non-text characters"
            }
          ],
          "all": [],
          "none": [],
          "impact": "serious",
          "html": "<button type=\"submit\" aria-label=\"Submit search\">\u2315</button>",
          "target": [
            "button[aria-label=\"Submit search\"]"
          ],
          "failureSummary": "Fix any of the following:\n  Element content contains only non-text characters"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "violations": [],
  "coverage": {
    "contract": "main-document-vertical-scroll",
    "complete": true,
    "positions": [
      {
        "y": 0,
        "height": 7484
      },
      {
        "y": 576,
        "height": 7484
      },
      {
        "y": 1152,
        "height": 7484
      },
      {
        "y": 1728,
        "height": 7484
      },
      {
        "y": 2304,
        "height": 7484
      },
      {
        "y": 2880,
        "height": 7484
      },
      {
        "y": 3456,
        "height": 7484
      },
      {
        "y": 4032,
        "height": 7484
      },
      {
        "y": 4608,
        "height": 7484
      },
      {
        "y": 5184,
        "height": 7484
      },
      {
        "y": 5760,
        "height": 7484
      },
      {
        "y": 6336,
        "height": 7484
      },
      {
        "y": 6764,
        "height": 7484
      }
    ],
    "scans": 14,
    "max_states": 512,
    "settle_ms": 5000,
    "page_timeout_seconds": 150,
    "layout_stability": "consecutive 100ms size samples within one CSS pixel",
    "animation_settling": "finite animations present when scroll resources are ready finish or are cancelled",
    "interactive_states": "not exercised",
    "horizontal_scroll": "not exercised"
  }
}
System Prompt
You are a lead web developer at a top digital agency, tasked with creating a one-page website for a new client based on the given specifications, delivered as an HTML file. First non-whitespace char '<', last non-whitespace char '>'. Use the following services to generate placeholder images where needed:
- placehold.co (text): https://placehold.co/[{w}x{h}|{size}][/{bg-color}/{text-color}]?text={text}&font=[lato|lora|montserrat|noto sans|open sans|oswald|playfair display|poppins|pt sans|raleway|roboto|source sans|source sans pro]
- picsum.photos (photos): https://picsum.photos/[{w}/{h}|{size}]?[grayscale][&blur={1-10}]
- pravatar.cc (avatars): https://i.pravatar.cc/{size}?u={identifier}
Choose sizes appropriate to layout.
User Prompt
Create a **complete, polished, production-quality** primary web page for a new client in the "Technology & Computing" sector.
Your goal is to generate the full HTML code for a page that is not just functional but also visually compelling, content-rich, and feels like a finished product ready for launch.

**Client & Category:**
- Industry: "Technology & Computing"
- Description: Tech news, software and hardware reviews, gadgets, and computing resources.

**Your Creative Task:**
1.  **Invent:** Create a unique, professional-sounding site name and a strong tagline fitting the "Technology & Computing" category.
2.  **Define Page:** Determine the most effective primary page type (e.g., homepage, service landing page, category portal) to showcase this fictional entity.
3.  **Design:** Develop an opinionated, modern, and professional layout. Make distinct choices about structure and flow.

**Content & Structure Requirements (Deliver a COMPLETE page):**
-   **Overall:** The final page must feel substantial and complete, with realistic amounts of text (multiple paragraphs per section where appropriate, avoid single sentences), well-integrated placeholder images, and logical flow. It should look like a real website a business would proudly use.
-   **HEADER:** Include the invented site name, tagline, a logo placeholder image, and a primary navigation bar. Ensure the navigation has **at least 5-7 clearly defined, relevant links** including: "Support", "Deals", "Reviews".
-   **MAIN CONTENT:** Structure this area with **at least 3-4 distinct, well-developed sections**.
    -   Address key topics relevant to the "Technology & Computing" category. Consider themes similar to: "Comparison Guides", "Hardware Reviews", "Tech News".
    -   **Content Depth:** Populate each section with **substantial, realistic text** (multiple sentences/paragraphs). Use authentic industry language and terminology like: "debugging", "API integration", "open source".
    -   **Visuals:** Integrate relevant placeholder images logically within the content sections.
    -   **Calls to Action:** Include clear and contextually relevant CTAs. Use strong verbs similar to: "Learn More", "Buy Now", "Compare Products".
-   **ENGAGEMENT (Recommended):** Strongly consider incorporating **one meaningful interactive element** that would genuinely benefit a user in the "Technology & Computing" sector. Ideas similar but not limited to: "troubleshooter".
-   **SIDEBAR (Optional):** If your design includes a sidebar, populate it with **useful, relevant content**. Ideas: "product launches", "community picks", "editor reviews".
-   **FOOTER:** Include a professional footer with invented contact details, copyright (current year), social media links, and standard links (Privacy, Terms).
-   **MODERN WEB PATTERNS:** Include modern web patterns like testimonial cards, feature grids, or FAQ accordions where appropriate.